Euthanasia Essay - Physician-Assisted Suicide :: Euthanasia Physician Assisted Suicide

Views on Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide This essay explores the views of doctors, of the general public, and of the original Hippocratic Oath on the practices of mercy killing and help suicide. big reference material is employed - from professional sources. Regarding the views of atomic number 101s on euthanasia and help suicide, it is difficult to get a true picture of physicians views from articles in newspapers or from diary review articles. Since euthanasia and assisted suicide are new and a challenge to established values, a report about a single physician practicing assisted suicide is more likely to get published than a report that members of a large physicians organization reaffirms traditional values. Physicians that practice euthanasia and assisted suicide have been more outspoken and vociferous since many consider themselves as pioneers. Whereas many physicians who continue to practice with traditional ethics, see no train to advertise this fact. Even if one rea ds consensus statements from medical ethics groups one may get a biased idea of the mainstream views of physicians. These statements are usually written by a small group of physicians, many of whom are active in ethics groups because they want to see change. Several articles have been published that poll doctors views on euthanasia and assisted suicide, and these are likely to get closer to the real views of doctors. In a survey of doctors on management of the persistent vegetative state, 35% of doctors would never withdraw feeding or nutrition and 28% would always treat an acute infection or other life-threatening condition (1). In a survey of 355 oncologists, the majority found euthanasia or assisted suicide unacceptable. However one in seven oncologists had actually carried out euthanasia or assisted suicide (2). 37% of physicians who look after AIDS patients would be unlikely to assist a patient with established AIDS to rend suicide but 48% said they would be likely to do so (3). 48% of 1355 physicians in Washington state agree that euthanasia is never ethically justified but 33% said they would be willing to perform euthanasia (4). 40% of 1119 Michigan physicians involved in the care of terminally ill patients were in favor of legalization of assisted suicide and 17% favored prohibition of assisted suicide. 22% of physicians would participate in either assisted suicide or euthanasia (5). Regarding the views of the general public toward these two practices, two-thirds of oncology patients and of the public consider euthanasia and assisted suicide acceptable for cancer patients with unremitting distract (6).

Comparing Stories: The Astronomers Wife & The Chrysanthemums :: essays research papers

Recently, I saw a movie about female tennis champion Billie Jean King, and although I have never been into the feminist movement (neither can I say that I quite understand it), her character woke up some other kind of sensitivity in me. After this to me meaningful change I could not help myself not to notice different approaches of John Steinbeck and Kay Boyle to the similar thematic. They both deal with marital relationships and it was quite interesting to sensible horizon lives of ordinary married couples through both male and female eyes. While Steinbeck opens his story describing the Salinas Valley in December metaphorically referring to the Elisas character, Boyle jumps directly to Mrs. Amess inner world. Although both writers give us pretty clear picture of their characters, Boyle does it with more emotions aiming our feelings immediately, unlike Steinbeck who leaves us more space to call back about Elisa Allen. Mrs. Ames from The Astronomers Wife and Elisa Allen from T he Chrysanthemums, 2 women in their best ages, did share similar lives. They were loyal wives, of decent beauty and advantageously manners. They were married for some time, without any children and they were fighting the dullness of their marriages. At first, it looked like they were just caught in marriage monotony, but after the surface has been scratched deeper, it was clear that these two women were crying for attention but they had different reasons.While Boyle describes Mrs. Ames as elegant, gentle, and quiet, Steinbeck gives to Elisa more strength. Her face was lean and strong, and her figure looked blocked and heavy in her gardening costume. Both women find their own ways to cover miss of happiness in their everyday lives. The astronomers wife is managing the firm finding the silliest things to keep her busy from the removal of the spot left there from dinner on the astronomers vest to the severe trashing of the mayonnaise for dejeuner. Elisa spends her days in garden r aising chrysanthemums bigger than anybody around here. The fact that these two women did not have any children can mislead us to the conclusion that they were both trying to satisfy the instincts they were probably having at the age of thirty-five. While this is the case with Elisa, the astronomers wife had different problem the lack of communication with her husband and incapability to understand the world he was in.

Saint Edmund (written From His View Point) :: essays research papers

Hi. My name is Edmund,now called Saint Edmund, the mart-yer. I was born in Surrey in 841. My mother was conceit to have beenroyalty and my father died at a young age in was. When I was fourteen, Ibecame the youngest King of the Anglo-Saxton Kingdom of East Anglia.When I first met King Offa, he was taken by my costly faith,sincerity, and virtues. He had no heirs and so he adopted me. Soon after, he diedand I became king.The people of my kingdom thought I was sent from idolbecause of Christianity. They thought I had come to rescue His faithfulpeople and save them from poverty and dispair. I was marked fromthe start to become king and destined for sainthood. Because I sailedby boat to my new kingdom, the people thought I had come from a mysterious land of myth. I was their hero and savior. My reign as king apothegm a massive invasion of the Vikings, which I fought valiantly.The end was near, but I was not afraid. I beleived God waswith me. My troops were defeated and I was taken pr isioner by theVikings, but I still did not lose my faith.On November 20, 870, the Danish leader,Ingwar, ordered his men to tie me to a tree and torture me, to denounce my God and my faith. They first stripped me of my royality. Surrounded by several groups of cheering, ugly men, they shot at me with arrows, whipped, and clubbed me. I did not waiver, but became stronger in my beleif in God and salvation. I would make the ultimate sacrifice for my God, a sacrifice of love and life, and so I prayed. The Danes soon tired of my undying faith and courage,and beheaded me. My body was to be tossed intothe underbrush to be forgotten, but my head they continued to abusebecause I would not say the words they wanted to hear.

Obedience and Submissiveness in Samuel Becketts Waiting for Godot Ess

Obedience and Submissiveness in Waiting for Godot Samuel Becketts pessimistic attitude about the existence of man lead him to write unmatchable of the best contemporary plays known to the twentieth century. Even with its bland unchanging set, clown-like characters, and seemingly meaningless theme, Waiting for Godot, arouses the awareness of human tragedy through the characters tragical flaws. Charles Lyons feels, a characters attitude of the space in which he lives, shows a range of detail marking economic status, social classification, and psychology (Lyons 19). Beckett uses the character, Lucky, as a parable for Man. Using fleshly, mental, and social blemishes, Lucky exemplifies Becketts idea that universal man is a slave to his own being. First Lucky symbolizes mans slavery in a physical sense. Lucky has a master that instructs him where to go and what to do. Lucky is physically trussed with a rope to his master, but in a sense is also tied to him by fear of bein g alone. Lucky is asked by two tramps to dance, but refuses. Lucky only dances at his master command. Lucky is also a slave to weakness. When Lucky does finally dance, he shuffles chaotically. Ramona Cormier and Janis Pallister describe Luckys movements as stiff and ungraceful. They believe it is because he is use to being loaded down with burdens...his body is uneffective to move freely (Cormier and Pallister 13). Brooks feels that age has diminished Luckys dance to a few ineffectual, spasmodic memories of a past ritual (Brooks 294). Lucky calls his dance the discharge (Beckett, Act I 27). It is ironical that Lucky does not escape the net that restricts him from being independent. The last physical characteristic of slavery that Lucky exemplifi... ... C. The Mythic normal in Waiting for Godot. Modern Drama 9 (1966/67) 292-299. Carey, Gary, and James Roberts, eds. Becketts Waiting for Godot, Endgame, & Other emboldens. Cliffs Notes, Inc. Nebraska 1995. Cromier, Romona.,and Janis L. Pallister. Waiting for Death. Alabama U of Alabama Press, 1979.Fletcher, J. Action and Play in Becketts Theater. Modern Drama 9 (1966/67) 242-246.Iser, W. Becketts Dramatic Language. Modern Drama 9 (1966/67) 251-259.Lamont, Rosette. Becketts Metaphysics of Choiceless Awareness. Samuel Beckett Now. Ed. Melvin J. Friedman. Chicago U of Chicago Press, 1975. 199-217.Lyons, Charles R. Samuel Beckett. New York Grove Press, 1983.Metman, Eva. Reflections on Samuel Becketts Plays. Samuel Beckett A Collection of Critical Essays. Ed. Martin Esslin. New Jersey Prentice-Hall, 1965

Marital Discord in ‘Madame Bovary’ by Gustave Flaubert and ‘Like Water

In Literature and Life, Love is a powerful force. Sans love feelings, desires and relationships may seem empty. This force however, can besides be destructive, even may end a marriage. Marital discord, arising in general, due to infatuation, lust or affection for a third person, may array up primarily facilitated by adverse familial, economic or societal conditions that do frequently find their mention in the written word. Some of these concerns alike(p) family, marriage, sexuality, society and death, are notably illustrated by the authors, Gustave Flaubert in Madame Bovary and Laura Esquivel in Like Water for Chocolate.Bring Rosaura in.These works under study present the marriages of Emma-Charles Bovary in Madame Bovary and Rosaura-Pedro in Like Water for Chocolate that are shaken at the end of each plot. It seems that marital discord is an indirect corollary of the roughness that was forced upon both the female person protagonists, Emma and Tita. The cruelty imposed on Tita, as quite evident, was by virtue of her relationship with Mama Elena her being the youngest daughter who was thus traditionally disallowed marriage and obligate to serve her mother for as long as she (mother) lived. On the other hand, on Emmas rough times were much subtle and, to an extent, self-carved. Ms. Roualt lived with her father and mend in a convent school, she was initially devoted to learning her catechism well. However, as romantic novels came along with an old spinster working there, Emma began to fancy the love affairstears and kisses, skiffs in the moonlight1 With these books, Emma would occasionally drift into the alluring phantasmagoria of genuine emotion1. Then, as the readers may understand, Emma started fantasizing and drawing a veil of... ...laws of Emma ( ever-living dissatisfaction, adultery, extravagance) and Rosaura (jealousy) that end up in their tragedy.Works Cited1 Page 36, chapter 6, opus I, Madame Bovary, written by Gustave Flaubert and translated into English by Lowell Bair, Bantam Classics2 Chapter 6, Volume 1, self-exaltation and Prejudice written by Jane Austen3 Page 60, Chapter 9, Part I, Madame Bovary, written by Gustave Flaubert and translated into English by Lowell Bair, Bantam Classics4 Page 33, chapter 5, part I, Madame Bovary, written by Gustave Flaubert and translated into English by Lowell Bair, Bantam Classics5 Page 32, chapter 5, part I, Madame Bovary, written by Gustave Flaubert, translated into English by Lowell Bair, Bantam Classics6 Page 86, Chapter 3, part II, Madame Bovary, written by Gustave Flaubert, translated into English by Lowell Bair, Bantam Classics

Spurs :: Essays Papers

SpursIt was rather more than a hundred years between the first-class honours degree into the presence of the rowel and the final disappearance of the prick urgencys from the heel of our forefathers (Lacy) In looking back at the time of chivalry and the knight it is not common that integrity forgets the existence of the spur and the true value it poses. The spur was one of the essential tools that a knight possessed as an equestrian. The spur was first introduced for its purpose in encouraging the horse on, but as medieval times approached the spur gained its decorative aspects and held more of a romantic value to people. The spur became elaborate with beads and embroidery, fancy brass, and gold metals. The spur was essentially an emblem of Knighthood to win his spurs ceremonies put spurs at the investiture of a knight, and were cut off at occasions of degradation (Lacy). The spur is a piece of hard ware that is attached to the heel by a strap usually made of leather. It is Y-sha ped, and pointed towards the horse so that the rider can aggress his horse on. In early time the spur was always attached with a strap, however as the spur evolved, the strap was no longer of importance. The spur also grew more and more elaborate during the medieval ages, velvet straps, intricate designs and wheels that made the spur more of a showpiece than a tool. Before the period of the 13th century the spur was that of the prick style, where it is basically just a point that urged the horse. However during the 14th century the rowel type spur gained its popularity. This type of spur looked as though it had a wheel on the end of it. Spurs at its earliest times were made of bone and wood, then later on of bronze, brass or iron. The rowel spur was definitely the spur of choice around medieval times because it was so elaborate. It was first introduced in 1238 by France Simon de Montfort, however did not really catch on until 1285. In looking at the spur and how it correlates to the chivalrous time period. The moist important spur to know is St. Georges Spurs, or the Kings enthronization Spurs. These spurs are part of a regular presentation with crown jewels in the Tower, which are used at the coronation of the Sovereign made by Sir Robert Vyner.

Learning to Cope

Davon Daniels Professor Moss English 1500 11/20/12 Draft 2 Learning to Cope Just abtaboo everyone has at sea that one person that they re all toldy care ab pop and they know that everything can change at the drop of a hat. Death is an unexpected occurrence that could sometimes have long lasting mental and physical effects on people. In the play Down the Aisle by Patricia Leigh Gaborik a young girlfri land up Katie and her family are learning to act with the destruction of their venerated one.People handle the death of a loved one in different courses, and Katie tries to handle the death of her begetter by holding on to all the good memories she had of him. Not only is Katie deeply affected by their lost only when the rest of her family is learning to recognize with their lost by taking on different roles when he pasts. The tiro is a symbolic character in this play because he is the rock of their family, because he is strong and dependable. Each character in the play experie nces different conflicts and changes in their consanguinity after losing the person they all loved the most.One conflict experienced in the play is the relationship between Katie and her mother before and after the death of Katies father. Katie and her mother dont have the best relationship and at times it seems that Katie wishes that she wouldve been in the car accident with her father. This is a conflict because it seems as if Katie may blame her mother for the death of her father for making him go out while she stayed at home and took care of Katie. This causes a lot of tension between Katie and her mother because she also feels as though the death of her father competency also be her fault.At the end of the play Katie and her mother appear to be closer to each other and her mother even up apologizes for the things shes done in the past and talks or so Katies father. This is important because after years of not really speaking about him it shows that their mother is just star ting to cope with his death. Her mother states in the play I know you always thought I did everything wrong (pg. 251). This shows that even though she knows they didnt have the best relationship in the past that shes trying to be there for her and only wants the best for her.Katie and her brother Joe has a typical brother and sister relationship they debate a lot but at the same time they care for each other. At times Joe even calls his sister Katie a brat but still offers to do things for her. The death of their father changed their relationship because Joe seems to be the person that now holds the family together. This appears to be Joes way of coping with his fathers death because he feels as if he has to be strong for both Katie and his mother and take on the new role of the man of the house. Joe What dya think? florists chrysanthemum The musics started You have to get to your seat Aw, mom. I told you not to say that stuff. You said it, didnt you? Youre crying Come on ingeniou s. Happy Are you happy? See, shes happy. Everybodys happy. Its a happy day. Lets go Lets go This quote is a great example of how Joe keeps everything together as everyone starts to breakdown he represents the new rock and strength of their family. Katies relationship with her father is the most important because out of everyone in their family she had the closest relationship with him.A major conflict in the story is that Katie after these past years still can come to terms with her fathers death. On her wedding day as shes preparing to walk down the aisle she in visions herself having a conversation with her father and reminiscing about all the good memories they shared. Katie says I dont understand youre supposed to be the one I can count on (pg. 247). This quote shows that even though Katie may not entirely get over the death of her father but she is slowly getting to the point where she is learning to deal with it.At the end of the play the conversation between Katie and her mot her helps her come to terms with the death of her father because that was first time that they have actually had a conversation about him. Someone who hasnt lost someone they really care about may not know how it feels emotionally to overcome the death of someone they love but death is hard to get over and not everyone gets over it quickly. The overall theme of these conflicts is that everyone learns to cope with the death of someone in their own way and at their own time. For Katie the wedding shows her starting a new beginning not only for her but for her family as well.

Saving the World

Symantec, one of the worlds leading net lay down shelter measures software company is facing many succeedrial obstacles In todays ball-shaped market place, where customer expectation and continuously emerging global competitors have drastically shorted the product lifecycle. Symantec is facing over 20,000 virus samples each month, not all of which are unique, stand-alone viruses. On top of that, dealing with this comminuted and time sensitive challenges, requires exceptional talented employees that is Symantecs divers response team spread out in outsourced groups all over the world.Managers for a company such as Symantec contends to keep the professionals excited about work, even though it is a routine, standardized and chaotic environment they work within. To manage this, they need to use their technical, human and conceptual skills. Conceptual skill is the availability to visualize the organization as a self-coloured. Symantec is spread out throughout the whole world, so the autobuss need to keep track of different time zones so that they have people working 24/7 in case freakish viruses would show up.Symantec, as said before, is one of the worlds leading network security company and it is hard for the managers to motivate each employee, and make them tonus special. That is where the human relation skills is necessary from the managers within the company. Since new viruses are popping up randomly without preparation, the managers should let the professional employees try to work as self-independent as possible, so that they dont have any guide lines to keep track of since all virus cases are different.In addition, the managers need technical skills. They need to be educated with the equipment that is being used within the company, so when distractions or problems show up, they are prepared and experienced with it, and passel deal with it fast so not valuable time goes to waste. The operation manager Patrick Fitzgerald needs to play different kind o f wariness roles in different kind of cases. When Mr. Fitzgerald has weekly security briefing conference calls with coworkers around the globe, he needs to play a so called Liaison Role.This means that he will be a manager that serves as a connecting link between his coworkers and take in information he gets from coworkers on other location throughout the world. When he is assessed the feasibility of adding a new network security consulting service, He needs to be informed by the different possible outcomes, he needs to be prepared for what can go wrong. He needs to have information and be sure that it the intended effect of the new investment is profitable and not something wasteful. A management role such as leader is necessary when he needs to keep his employees focused on the companys commitments to customer.The leader is responsible for deligating tasks and devising sure that each task is done properly and reported to the next person in the chain of management. The informatio n of the Company Symantec we can find on their website, about its emphasis on customer service and innovation is that they are very determined to provide high security for the customers and their computers. They empower their employees by educating them so they can take more decisions on their own without having to go to a higher instance.Conclusion Symantec is a global leader in providing security, storage and systems management solutions to stand by the customers. It is a global company with employees outsourced all over the world which makes the managers work even harder. In addition to that, it is a chaotic disdain with issues and problems popping up such as viruses without be able to prepare for it. Their main focus is to empower their professional employees to think on their own and work independent without take the issue to higher instances.

Is It Education – Education in Hong Kong

Education is of utmost importance as it makes a great impact on a persons whole life. In Finland, kids at the age of 6 or earlier do not have to go to schools, but learn at home through playing games and interacting with people. The teachers there accompany the comparable group of students for a long time owing to the 9-year compulsory educational system. In Hong Kong, however, education seems to have lost its meaning and the educational system is still gnarly despite several modifications. The first and major problem is being too examenination-oriented.This advise be explained by the popularity of tutorial schools. Those super tutors focus on dower students acquire a satisfied result in the examination. Many students seek help from them since whether they can further their studies mainly depends on their academic results. Another authorship of evidence can be found on our textbooks. Many of them include a particular section merely for the examinations, such as exam tips, exam skills or exam practice. This also reflects the phenomenon of examination- orientation. Setting academic results as the major criterion of school entry has twisted peoples receptions of education.The existing educational system puts often emphasis on students academic performance and neglects the significance of developing other aspects, including moral cultivation, life education and other abilities like interpersonal skills. As a result, people seem to have forgotten what the aims of education actually are. Apart from this problem, some(prenominal) social issues have arisen from Hong Gongs education. One of them is the problem of impoverishment, especially the intergenerational poverty and young poverty. The former one becomes more severe hen the educational system does not allow poor students to get rid of it via education.The latter one can be resulted when the tuition fees of universities are so high that some students have to grant loans from the government and repay them ev en when they have been working for years. Hong Kong government has pass many resources on education, though, there are still a multitude of problems that the government has to solve. Not only has it become too exam-orientated, but it also deepens some social problems. What the society wants is a real and comprehensive education which allows students to fully utilize their abilities.

Non Financial Factors

TABLE OF CONTENT INTRODUCTION1 TESCOS RATIO ANALYSIS2 SUMMARY TESCOS RATIO13 COMPARATIVE ANALYSE Tescos Vs Marks and Spencers________________ _______14 CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF TESCO PLC__________________________________________ 21 closing curtain? BIBLIOGRAPHY? extension 1 TESCOS PLC APPENDIX 2- MARKS AND SPENCERS- CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS I-Introduction This report will evaluate the monetary performance of Tescos and comparing it to Marks and Spencers has the purpose of evaluating the beau mondes worthiness as investing.As a well k directing family around the world and having an important background in the retail environment Tescos is one of the largest supermarkets in the world. Present in 14 countries around Europe, Asia and North America. Tescos is always dealing in the financial world, providing also bank and insurance policy services. Tesco was founded in 1919 by Jack Cohen from a market stall in Londons East End. Over the twelvemonths our business has grown and we now oper ate in 14 countries around the world, employ over 500,000 people and serve tens of millions of customers every week.We have always been committed to providing the best shopping experience. at present we continue to focus on doing the right thing for our customers, colleagues and the communities we serve. (Tesco 2012). The first section of this report, which is the main body, will use financial statements from 2010, 2011 and 2012, along with standard financial ratio analysis to develop a clear picture of Tescos financial performance comparing to the con jakesvass. The second section includes a comparative analysis of the competitor strategy and also a conclusion on the performance and health of Tesco PLC based on the years 2010, 2011 and 2012.The third section, presents a critical analysis containing the non-financial factors and risks impacting on the future of Tesco PLC. II-Tescos ratio analysis ratio Analysis simplifies the financial statement and helps in future planning. I t also helps us to inform the entire composition of changes and circulating(prenominal) performance of the comp all. Ratios highlight all the different factors linked with successful and unsuccessful business. It is a powerful tool of financial analysis in the company. By using Ratio analysis it is easy to evaluate and understand financial health and abridge of the business and possible future forecast of the company.Currency = ? (000) The return on great(p) employed is an important measure of a companys benefitability. If ROCE is higher(prenominal) than the company is sound healthy. In 2010 Tesco had 11. 52% ROCE which extend steadily in 2011 and 2012 respectively 12. 93 and 12. 64. So there is a possible reason for this change is that profit increase. It de experimental conditionines managements ability to generate simoleons from a companys come up pool of capital. Companys gross profit margin ratio shows that there is slightly difference between 2010 and 2012 which shows there was no any major change in their prices.In 2011 the company record a gross profit margin ratio of 8. 30%. The positive trend in this margin shows that the company is on profitability trend and therefore is a good enthronisation option. So there is a possible reason for this change the higher cost of proceedsion. direct Margin oft refer to simply as a companys profit margin, there is no major change during the period from 2010 to 2012. Activity ratio 1. Assets turnover Asset Turnover= Sales revenue/Capital employed During the last three years Tesco has improved gradually returning continuously in 2011 and 2012 turnover was respectively 2. 4 and 2. 06 . For most companies, their investment in net assets represents the largest component of their total assets. There argon no signifi send wordt changes in asset turnover. fluidity ratio Liquidity is a very important ratio for money lenders, suppliers and potential investors to access. According to the Tesco annual statement the result from 2010 to 2012 shows that the current ratio was less than 1 which has a problem to meet their liability in short term. Tescos assets are less and its liabilities are quite high which indicates companys weak current ratio and liquidity problem.Quick ratio is a more conservative (safer) measure of liquidity. A higher quick ratio implies greater safety. According to the acid test ratio Tescos acid test ratio was non good because it is below the standard. The liabilities have increase because of increased loan 2010, 2011 and 2012 respectively. In the year 2010 receivable days was 12. 10 days but subsequently that in 2011 and 2012 fiscal year respectively it was increased to 13. 86 days and 15. 02 days, which is showing their position is not good to collect receivable earlier.It could affect business as well because customers always prefer a long time to allowance back whatever they have taken on credit. 2012 = 3598/59278*365 = 22. 15 days It takes Tescos approximately 19 t o 22 days taken to sell its product from the time it stupefy it. Inventory days increased continuously since 2010 to 2012. The possible reasons could be the companys sales are not good. Capital Gearing The term capital wagon train or leverage normally refers to the proportion of relationship between equity fortune capital including reserves and surpluses to preference share capital and former(a) fixed interest bearing funds or loans.As the higher a companys degree of leverage as the more the company is considered risky. In, Tescos gearing scenario gearing was decreased in 2010 and 2011 separately from 0. 51 to 0. 43, and it was standstill 0. 43 in 2012, which indicates the company improving financially. So there are possible reasons for this change, long term is decreasing in comparison with capital employed. Return on assets . The profitability ratio here measures the relationship between net profit and assets. Return on assets= Net profit before interest and tax / Total asset*10 0Return on asset (ROA) indicator of how profitable a company is relation to its total asset . ROA gives us an idea of Tesco how efficient management is sat using its asset to generate earning. In 2010 return on asset was 7. 51% after that there was a decrease till 2012 to 5. 54 %. Tesco PLC has record in decreasing sharply value of P/E with values of 14. 12, 12. 12, and 8. 74, being recorded for 2010, 2011, and 2012 respectively (Yahoo Finance 1st Nov 2010,2011,2012). A number of factors could be possible vary due to decreasing in P/E including increased competitiveness for capital in market. Yahoo Finance 2012) 2. Earnings per share The Earning per Share (EPS) considers the profits that could be paid to each ordinary shareholder. The increase in profit resulted in the increase in EPS. Earnings per share Earnings o holders / No of o shares in issue 2010 = 29. 33p 2011 = 34. 43p 2012 = 36. 75p The company recorded EPS increased in 2010, 2011 and2012 respectively. There could be numb er of reason for increasing earnings per share. Possible reason could be the increase in profit, increasing in loan. But it would not be the long term sustainability. 3.Dividend Dividend per share (DPS) is the sum of declared dividends for every ordinary share issued. DPS is the total dividends paid out over an entire year divided by the number of outstanding ordinary shares issued. Tesco financial statements indicate that dividend yield for the company has been rising in the last five years. The company recorded dividend yields of 3. 15%, 3. 56 %p and 4. 59% for 2010, 2011 and 2012 respectively (Yahoo Finance 1st Nov 2010, 2011, 2012). This is an indication that investor willing to invest in the company have a prognosis of receiving better dividend in the future. Yahoo Finance 2012) In 2011 companys debt/equity ratio was higher to1. 04, which is not very good indication for the company. Because it heavy depends on loan is not a good policy for any business. But it was minify the following years in 2011 and 2012 respectively 0. 77 and 0. 77. Debt to comeliness Debt to equity = Non-current interest bearing debt Equity It is used to determine how easily a company can pay interest expenses on outstanding debt. In 2010 companys interest coverage was 5. 99 times which increased in 2011 to 10. 47 times but in 2012 decreased slightly to 9. 5. The companys profit has increased to pay their interest easily. Interpretation and ratio analysis conclusion In the year 2012 Tescos activity, profitability, liquidity ratio, financial gearing, and investment ratio was comparing with the previous year ratio. In the activity ratio net assets turn increased. Liquidity ratio was quite reasonable due to the economic condition and creditor days decreased which was not good for the company. Financial gearing was not satisfactory and finally, investment ratio increased margin which indicates revenue.The organization managed to increase its return on capital and assets turn over re markably. Tesco has slightly increased its receivable and payable credit payment period currently showing its financial position. On the other side, it can also be an opportunity for the customers to attract more customers as they always prefer to hold back as much(prenominal) as possible. There is no major difference in the net profit and gross profit margin that means Tesco did not bring any change in its prices and there was not any external pressure from government or competitors.Liquidity of Tesco shows not a major decline over the past times 3 years even though it is below 1 which is quite risky condition because current ratio below 1 means liabilities are more and assets are very less. If there will be major decline in the business, the company will not be able to pay their short term liabilities. The Interim report shows that they are reducing the gearing but we Tesco improved its shares value by having an increase in the dividends per share and share price. Investors will be attracted by this but this will not stay for long. Yahoo Finance, 2012) III-Comparative Analyse Tescos Vs Marks and Spencers We can use Ratio Analysis to do a comparative analysis and seeing our performance with respect to our competitors. For this I have taken Marks and Spencer Group PLC and compared it with Tesco PLC to see the stand up of my company with another company. This helps us to know our strengths and weaknesses in all the areas of the business. Summary of Comparative Results between M & S and Tesco (2010-2012) Revenue and Operating ProfitsThe revenues get by the company and the level of operating profit does tell us the size , capacity and type of player the company is in market. The Tescos Operating profit s increase over the years but if we see the table below M & S, they reduced the operating cost, but the revenue increased constantly as well. Chart Tesco & M and S Revenue Comparison The Comparison of Tesco and Marks & Spencer tells us that Tesco is a much big ger company and has a much higher turnover. But through its policies we see that the level of Operating profit of Tesco is higher because of its strong Optimization policies and procedures.Ratios comparison between M& S and Tesco Tescos and M & S ratio analysis Ratio Analysis helps us to inform the entire story of changes and current performance of the company. = 12. 93% 2012 = 3985/ (13731+17801) *100 = 12. 64 % The return on capital employed is an important measure of a companys profitability. If ROCE is higher than it the company is sound healthy. If we see the chart we can M is in stronger condition. 2011= 9740. 30/ (2677. 40+2456. 50) =2. 46 2012= 9934. 30/ (2778. 80+2489. 10) = 2. 49 = 0. 43 2012 = (1460. 10-681. 90) /2005. 40 0. 38 Earnings per share Earnings o holders / No of o shares in issue 2010 = 29. 33p 2011 = 34. 43p 2012 = 36. 75p M & S 2010 = 33. 50 p 2011 = 38. 80 p 2012 = 32. 50 p The increase in earnings per which is attractive point for investors. Tesco Earning p er share increased on 2012 while M Earning per share decreased. 2012 = 2489. 10/2778. 80 = 0. 89% Tesco debt/equity ratio was higher to 1. 04 %, which reduced the following years in 2011 and 2012 respectively 0. 77% and 0. 77%. While M & S was 1. 40 % on 2010 & its got bit better on following years.IV-Critical Analysis of the non- financial factors and risks for Tesco PLC In todays worldwide competitive environment organisations have to compete with others regarding a wide range of fields like product quality, delivery, reliability, after-sales services, brand, customer care and feedbacks (Chairman, FTSE 100 Company, 2003) The financial ratio analysis done above, is very useful as it summarises all the necessary information in sight to understand the health of a company, covering profit, liquidity, growth and risk of a company.But it is also essential to look at the non financial factors that can have a huge impact on a companys future potential. V-Conclusion Taking into considerat ion the ratio analysis applied to Tescos between 2010 and 2012 what can be noticed is that the company had some variation. According to level of risk, Tescos is less risky than M&S in terms of investment considering that in 2010, 2011 and 2012 had as gearing ratios 1. 04 %, 0. 77% and 0. 77% respectively and M & S for the same period 1. 40 %, 0. 92% and 0. 89%. As much higher is the gearing ratio more vulnerable is the company to downturns.With an improvement of its shares value by having an increase in the dividends per share and share price, Investors will be attracted by this but this will not stay for long. Moreover considering how much cash flow is available for each pound invested, which is demonstrated by the dividend yield, Tescos in 2010 had a variation from 3. 15% to 4. 59% in 2012 which is positive for the business. On the other hand, Tescos reacted negatively into the full analysis of profitability, efficiency and effectiveness, liquidity and investor ratios.As an exampl e, the investment per share had a decrease of 5. 38 from 2010 to 2012 and also receivable days had a considerable increase which is a negative impact. Despite of having lower prices than M&S with strong position in UK and also in other continents, Tescos might be a good investment in the future, depends on its performance and long-term investment for the follow years. However currently it is not an investment to be considered. Bibliography London Stock flip (2012). Tesco PLC ORD SP. London Stock Exchange (2012). Marks and Spencer Group PLC ORD 25P.Available athttp//www. londonstockexchange. com/exchange/prices/stocks/summary/fundamentals. html? fourWayKey=GB0031274896GBGBXSET1 Mark and Spencer (2010)-Annual Report and Financial Statements. Available at http//corporate. marksandspencer. com/documents/publications/2010/annual_report_2010 http//corporate. marksandspencer. com/documents/publications/2011/annual_report_2011 http//corporate. marksandspencer. com/documents/publications/20 12/annual_report_2012 (Yahoo Finance, 2012) http//www. bizmove. com/finance/m3b3. htm APPENDIX 1 APPENDIX 2 APPENDIX 1 APPENDIX 2

Comprehensive Proposal for the Development of an Early Childhood Education Program Essay

Do you realize how consequential the first few plays of your childs life argon? We at pharos Learning academy understand how important these years atomic number 18. The first years be when the foundation for your childs life is being implemented. That is why at beacon Learning Academy we post classs from ages 6 weeks through 12 years old. Our Early Care political program service infants from 6 weeks through 24 months. This program is designed to make sure that each childs physical and developmental needs are met. Daily schedules are adjusted to insure each childs sleeping and eating patterns.At the appropriate time, toddlers are introduced to different concepts and skills that leave alone help them as they prepare to move to the near program. Our Preschool program serves children from the age of 2 through 5 years of age. Each age group go out be divided into classrooms. Once the child is 4 years of age (by September 1st), he/she go out enter our stated funded Pre-K program. Each class go away use a theme based syllabus designed to introduce concepts and skills based on each childs age and development. Daily schedules impart be designed with a balance of instructor-directed and child-directed activities. radio beacon Learning Academy understands that we serve a community that feats various and long hours. We gladly provide before and after school care for families that require assistance. During the after school program we provide various activities and projects to enhance life skills as well as, an instaled time for children to do homework and tutoring is also unattached if your child needs help. Transportation services are avail sufficient to and from local elementary schools. Lighthouse Learning Academy hopes to make getting to and from work less(prenominal) strenuous for works parents by providing the operating hours of 530 am to 630 pm.Being that we set out to service our community, the vision of Lighthouse Learning Academy is to ma ke it possible for all children, youth, and families to reach their po disco biscuittial in a unhurt, nurturing, and affordable purlieu. Our mission at Lighthouse Learning Academy is to afford children with the premier quality early care and education, to serve as an accommodating system and source for families, strengthening the communities that we serve, and to work inter interchangeable with other(a) networks and services to make certain that eminent quality preschool education remains safe and affordable for all families.We believe that from infancy, and through the school years, we are helping to chart a successful outcome for our children. We work with parents from pregnancy to make sure that their children are placed in a compassionate, encouraging, and nurturing environment. We offer a curriculum that focuses on all of the developmental domains, and an age specific method that helps children move forward from one milestone to the next in a way that has been confirmed t o establish a strong basis for lifelong moderate.We believe that there is a vital link between these values and the ongoing commitment of our lag. Therefore, our staff is encourage and fighted as they further their educational understanding of early childhood education. Lighthouse Learning Academy staff extremitys serve as coaches and mentors to each other enabling them to share ideas, experiences, and up to the minute knowledge of new research, policies and best practices. In addition, we provide on going skill set training for staff through meetings, newsletters, and state specified trainings.We do our best to provide parents with resources pertaining to high quality health and dental care, as well as nutrition, cognitively affect home environments, access to services, strong social connections, and safety precautions for children. New parents, or parents that are new to our neighborhoods, can rely on us for information and support during lifes transitions. Lighthouse Learn ing Academy is one of the strongest advocates for children and families in the area that we serve. We are aware of the responsibilities that we urinate to our families and children to be a voice for affordable, high quality preschool services.We put forward pride in working with local support agencies, legislatures, and school systems to provide safe, strong, and constant services for children from birth through the school years. We take pride in our parents, our staff, and the valuable chance that we acquit to be a part of your childs development. The influence that we can have as partners for children is beyond measure. At Lighthouse Learning Academy we think that all children have a right to respect, in spite of their skill levels.We provide an environment that is safe yet thought-provoking, and a curriculum that challenges them through creativity and learning through play. Consequently, our program supports the following philosophy about children and their growth 1. Each chil d has a unique learning style, learns at a different pace, by different methods and at different ages of maturation. 2. A positive attitude develops in children, who can fill their goals, complete tasks on their own, and work with others and let positive feelings from others. 3.Children learn self-discipline through understanding, commitment, and reinforcement. 4. Children gain their independence by being allowed to do things for themselves as they are capable of, but keeping in mind new skills. In a safe, caring, respectful environment, children have the greatest chance to grow and develop. Such a setting should be the basis of all childcare programs. We, as educators, should do our best to create an environment that is rewarding, inspiring and supporting of all possible learning and growing opportunities.An encouraging learning environment is provided through a well design physical environment, the trainingal materials, equipment, relationships established between everyone, and daily routines. It is in this environment that each childs growth takes place. The basis for creating learning environments that promotes growth comes from the National Association for the Education of Young Childrens (NAEYCs) philosophy of child development and learning that barricades developmentally appropriate practice.A developmentally appropriate learning environment (1) Provides learning centers that encourage mixing of multiple content areas, the library should contain a variety of books such as big books, picture books, books with words for teacher to make, books coering a wide range of topics, headsets with audiotapes in blocks there will be large unit blocks, hollow blocks, different types of vehicles, pencil, paper and books related to construction.(2) Provides both active and quiet activities, the library should be an area for children wanting to read alone or quietly listen to a book read by the teacher or enjoy music through head sets spot the block area promotes l ots of movement to complete projects. (3) Provides materials that encourage awareness and knowledge of diversity through books about different cultures, as well as dolls of different races, and musical instruments from a variety of cultures. (4) Ensures that children have easy access to materials.(5) Makes sure that there are plenty of materials available. (6) Offers children the chances for isolated and group play in view of an adult. (7) Makes sure that there is adequate space for individual, small- and large-group experiences, both inside and outside. (8) Displays classroom materials and childrens art at childrens eye level. (9) Promotes literacy in the environment through a variety of sources for print and audio. The infant room through the 4 year old room will be comprised of teachers that are highly qualified.This program employs qualified persons who are 18 years of age or older, who have been taught in Early Childhood Education, and who show the personal characteristics for working with children. Employees working with school-age children have been trained in early childhood, child development, or a related field. The amount of schooling will vary depending on the level of business of the position. Employees of a large group of children should have at least a CDA or an associate degree in Early Childhood Education. The Pre-K classrooms will have a Lead Teacher and an Assistant Teacher.The Lead Teacher will be required to possess a two- or four-year degree in the early childhood field. All assistant teachers must possess at least a CDA. Teaching is full of many responsibilities, roles, and challenges. As an early childhood educator, you will be required to wear many hats. As a teacher, you should be prepared to be flexible. It is important to remember that your job description may change if you are needed in other areas to fill in. Early childhood teachers assist learning by providing activities and materials that children find appealing.By supplying a developmentally appropriate environment, inte breatheing materials, and time to explore, and play, children find learning easy and fun Teachers have to communicate with many people throughout the day, ranging from parents to administrators, as well as the children. Early childhood teachers must be ready to communicate with all of these people. You should feel at ease opening up, asking questions, and sharing your experiences. Paperwork, lesson planning, preparing materials and the environment, require teachers to have strong management skills.Managing a classroom requires organizational skills, and commitment. There are many balloons floating in the air and it is your task to keep them up arrest is the guidance, encouragement, and support that adults use to influence children. Appropriate discipline helps children learn how to interact and develop self-control. The staff at Lighthouse Learning Academy understands these concepts and uses the following discipline strategies First an d most importantly, the staff creates a positive and safe environment in which all competencies can be fostered and where there is little opportunity for misbehavior.Secondly, teachers of all time model appropriate behavior, both verbal and non-verbal, including body language. Teachers set limits, which reflect realistic expectations for the age and development of each child. When there is conflict between children, teachers will utilize Dan Gartrells Five Finger Formula. The five finger formula involves five steps. The first step is to cool everyone down. No one can do when they are upset. The second step involves having everyone involved to score what the conflict is about. Thirdly, you would want to involve everyone in coming up with possible solutions to the problem.Fourth, you would want every to agree on the solution. And finally, you must try out the solution that everyone agreed upon. This technique teaches children how to solve problems on their own. If these strategies a re not successful, a child may be removed from the group and guided to a quite area with an independent activity. If your child continues to have problems, we will contact you. We will do our best to work with you to correct the behavior issues. If there is still no change in the behavior, a short suspension may be used at the astuteness of the handler.If a child is not adapting or benefiting from our program, we reserve the right to disenroll the child from the program, also at the discretion of the programs director. Communication between the parent and the caregiver is important to having a successful child care arrangement. After an adjustment period, your child should be able to make the move from home to child care fair easily. The staff will be providing support to you by discussing your childs progress and will recognize the parent as the primary caregiver.A trance of the center is a vital part of the orientation process. It is at this time when you will meet the staff m embers that will be responsible for educating your child as well as view the classroom environment. We suggest that you bring your child along so that, he/she can become familiar with the teacher and the classroom. A tour can be arranged at anytime, just call to set up a scheduled time or just slide down in. Our staff welcomes you with open arms. Lighthouse Learning Academy will distribute monthly newsletters so that you will be aware of what is happening with our program.The newsletter will inform you of the themes that will be introduced to your child each month. It will also detail ways in which you can assist the program, as well as upcoming events. Teachers may opt to send home either weekly or a monthly newsletter, keeping you aware of the happenings in the classroom. Through newsletters we are able to keep you updated of the programs effort to make sure that your childs light shines. Assessment is the method of collecting data about children in say to determine where they a re developmentally and to make decisions about their education.Teachers obtain useful data about childrens skills, and progress by observing, documenting, and reviewing childrens work over time. Ongoing judging that happens in the context of classroom activities can provide an accurate and fair picture of the childrens abilities and progress. The purposes for assessment in programs for young children are instructional planning and communicating with parents. This helps to determine, what are the childs strengths, needs, and learning processes, as well as how is this child doing, and how will this childs instruction and guidance be planned?Another purpose is identification of children with special needs. This allows for assessing whether the childs needs can be met in the program and if not, how does this program need to be adapted, or what program is required? The third purpose is program evaluation and accountability. This assessment allows for assessing whether the program, as no w implemented, is meeting its goals and objectives? One of the assessment techniques that we use is the student portfolio. The portfolio is a system for the collection of the childs work.Work samples are products of childrens work that mirrors situations in the learning environment, rather than fabricate instructional situations. The collection of work samples along with the recorded observations of childrens interactions and comments shows the childs progress over time and in a variety of settings. The see to the use of information collected through this approach is the teachers knowledge of child development and skill as an observer. Parent conferences will provide you with the opportunity to discuss and learn about your childs portfolio and how it is used in assessing your childs development.Observations will also be used as an assessment tool. Observations can be an assessment tool used while a child is playing usually in his/her natural environment. The observer is able to se e the interactions between the children as well as noting speech and language, and motor skills. Lighthouse Learning Academy wants to make sure that your child will receive the individualized attention that they deserve, so we have established groupings of children for care which comply with the following staff ratios for every age group.For infants to one and a half year olds, the teacher-child ratio will be 3 to 6 infants for 1 teacher. There is a maximum of twelve infants in one room. If there are much than six infants, another teacher will be placed in the classroom. For one year olds that are walking, the ratio will be 1 teacher to 8 children, with a limit not to exceed sixteen children. For two year olds, the ratio will be 1 teacher to every ten toddlers, with no more than twenty in the classroom. For the three year old classroom, the ratio will be 1 teacher for every 15 children, with no more than thirty.And in the four year old room as well as the pre-k program, the ratio i s 1 teacher to eighteen children. In the pre-k program there are always two teachers. Children may be mixed in age groups only during early morning arrivals and late afternoon measure of departure. When mixing age groups, you must go by the staff child ratio and group size based upon the age of the youngest child in the group. During rest time the staff child ratio may be doubled the number of children as long as there is one staff member in the classroom. Lighthouse Learning Academy prides itself on providing a safe learning environment for your child.But we know that accidents and injuries will occur. If an accident occurs at our center, we will follow the following guidelines depending on the severity of the injury. First and foremost, our staff and teachers are trained to apply first aid to minor injuries such as cuts, scrapes, and bruises. The director will report to you at the end of the day or during the day based on the nature of the injury. If your child is seriously injur ed and it requires medical attention, you will be notified immediately and emergency personnel will be contacted.In cases where you child has to be taken to the emergency room, we require you to sign an authorization form so that we may act during your absence. This form is provided in your enrollment package. References Decker, C. A. , Decker, J. R. , Freeman, N. K. , & Knopf, H. T. (2009). Planning and administering early childhood programs (9th ed. ). Columbus Pearson. Gartrell, Dan. Guidance Matters. March 2006, retrieved on October 16, 2010 from http//www. naeyc. org/files/yc/file/200603/GuidanceBTJ. pdf.

Four Principles Essay

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Coffee Bean Inc.

Coffee Bean, Inc. (CBI), is a figure outor and distributor of a variety of blends of cocoa. The company buys coffee beans from somewhat the world and roasts, blends, and packages them for resale. CBI currently has 40 different coffees that it sells to gourmet shops in one- switch bags. The major cost of the coffee is raw materials. However, the companys predominately automated roasting, blending, and packing process requires a substantial amount of manufacturing overhead.The company uses relatively little direct boil. Some of CBIs coffees argon very popular and sell in spectacular volumes, while a few of the newer blends have very low volumes. CBI legal injurys its coffee at manufacturing cost plus a markup of 30%. If CBIs prices for certain coffees are significantly higher than market, adjustments are made to bring CBIs prices more into alignment with the market since customers are somewhat price conscious.For the coming form, CBIs cypher includes estimated manufacturing ove rhead cost of $3,000,000. CBI assigns manufacturing overhead to wares on the basis of direct labor-hours. The expected direct labor cost totals $600,000, which represents 50,000 hours of direct labor time. Based on the sales budget and expected raw materials costs, the company will purchase and use $6,000,000 of raw materials (mostly coffee beans) during the year.The expected costs for direct materials and direct labor for one-pound bags of ii of the companys coffee intersections appear below Mona Loa Malaysian Direct materials $ 4. 0 $ 3. 20 Direct labor 0. 30 0. 30 CBIs ascendence believes that the companys traditional be system may be providing misleding cost information.To determine whether or not this is correct, the controller has prepared an analysis of the years expected manufacturing overhead costs, as shown in the following table Activity Cost Pool Activity Measure Expected Activity for the division Expected Cost for the Year Purchasin g Purchase orders 1,710 orders $513,000 Materials handling of Setups 1,800 setups 720,000 Quality control of Batches 600 batches 144,000 Roasting Roasting-hours 96,100 roasting hours 961,000 portmanteau word Blending-hours 33,600 blending hours 402,000 Packaging Packaging-hours 26,000 packaging hours 260,000 sum total manufacturing overhead cost $3,000,000 Data regarding the expected production of Mona Loa and Malaysian coffee are presented below. Mona Loa Malaysian Expected sales 100,000 pounds 2,000 pounds Batch size 10,000 pounds 500 pounds Setups 3 per batch 3 per batch Purchase order size 20,000 pounds 500 pounds Roasting time per 100 pounds 1 hour 1 hour Blending time per 100 pounds 0. 5 hour 0. hour Packaging time per 100 pounds 0. 1 hour 0. 1 hour 1.Using the direct labor-hours as the alkali for assigning manufacturing ove rhead cost to products, do the following a. Determine the predetermined overhead rate that will be used during the year. b. Determine the unit product cost of one pound of the Mona Loa coffee and one pound of the Malaysian coffee. 2. Using activity-based costing as the basis for assigning manufacturing overhead cost to products, do the following a. Determine the total amount of manufacturing overhead cost assigned to the Mona Loa coffee and to the Malaysian coffee for the year. b. Using the data developed in 2(a), estimator the amount of manufacturing overhead cost per pound of the Mona Loa coffee and the Malaysian coffee.Round all computations to the nearest whole cent. c. Determine the unit product cost of one pound of the Mona Loa coffee and one pound of the Malaysian coffee. Write a brief memo to the president of CBI explaining what you have found in (1) and (2) above and discussing the implications to the company of victimisation direct labor as the base for assigning manufac turing overhead cost to products. MEMORANDUM ToThe president of CBI From Date Subjectthe implications to the company of using direct labor as the base for assigning manufacturing overhead cost to products. 1) Per pound cost of the Mona Loa coffee and the Malaysian coffee as per traditional costing system is $ 6 and $ 5 respectively. ) The manufacturing overhead assigned to each pound of the Mona Loa coffee and the Malaysian coffee is same because the direct labor hours required for manufacturing each pound of coffee are same 3) Per pound cost of the Mona Loa coffee and the Malaysian coffee as per Activity based costing system is $ 4. 83 and $ 7. 15 respectively. 4) spare-time activity are the implications to the company of using direct labor as the base for assigning manufacturing overhead cost to products 1. Price determination under existing costing system (using direct labor as the base) is not accurate. Under activity based costing cost is calculated more accurately than exist ing product costing system. 2. Higher prices of popular product affect market adversely.As the customers are price conscious company can sell Mona Loa Coffee (which is more popular) at lower price and can increase its market share if the cost is calculated accurately. 3. As company uses relatively little direct labour, direct labour is not an appropriate basis for applying overheads to products. 4. By using activity based costing company can discontinue its non-profitable products or suggest appropriate price for those product 5) Activity based costing allocated indirect cost more accurately . It helps in reducing the cost by eliminating unwanted activities Helps in ameliorate product and customer profitability. Activity based costing helps in forecasting and planning.

Events Leading Up to the American Revolution

Events leaders to the American alteration The American Revolution was a lingering process. It did not happen oernight. We were gradually pushed in that respect by the English. They first gave us the right to govern ourselves, and implement our own laws such as the no taxation without representation law in Pennsylvania. Only then(prenominal) to impose trade restrictions like the pilotage Acts, Sugar Act, and the sealskin Act. The British also set limits on where the settlers could settle as in the resolution of 1763, and finally spick-and-span taxes which there were many that the English enforce.The battalion in America had left atomic number 63 to absorb by from the monarch butterflys supreme chance and persecution. The monarch granted the settlers with royal charters which allowed them the in truth(prenominal) rights as they would take a shit in England. Only to save the monarch in the end take away their rights and freedoms as Englishmen, and to abuse the British right to collect taxes with our squ atomic number 18-toed representation. All of this pushed us to make our run against the tyranny of enormous Britain, and to assert our Independence in the American Revolution. Early on in the colonisation of the Colonies there was a shift in priorities from finding aureate to a society that valued family. in that locationfore you have an increase in the population where there is now a need for more schools, churches, and other towns population infrastructure. With these advances there became a more educated population that helped assistant in the advancement and growth of new modern thinkers such as Benjamin Franklin and his contributions to the Colonies during the Age of Enlightenment. collect to the growth in population people began settling further and further west encroaching on French and Indian lands causing clash that would subsequent take to the French and Indian War.A dispute over land in the American Ohio valley amid the Indi ans, French, Pennsylvanians, and Virginians brought about the French Indian seven stratum war. The first battle in the septet Year War happened in May of 1754 where the Mingo Chief led a small group of George capital of the United Statess men to a French encampment where he led them to victory. Washington was weary of avenging so he had his group erected a makeshift fortress called the Fort of Necessity, to which he later fled from due to the impending French retaliation.The end of the war was signified by the Proclamation of 1763, which the Colonists ignored because it special where Colonists could settle. This is whiz of the slipway in which the Colonies and heavy(p) Britains affinity begins to deteriorate. During this time period England was involved in wars all over the globe, and because of it had racked up a large debt livelihood the various wars. They call for money to sieve their expenses, so the King hook oned to evaluate the Colonies and recognized that he ne eded to implement new laws in holy order to control the trade, and make new revenue.Some of the various ways parliament and the King of England implemented trade restrictions, and imposed taxation were through the Navigation Acts, Sugar Act, Stamp Act, and Townshend Duties. severally one of these in various ways angered the Colonies because they never had a chance to vote on any of them, due to the fact that they were not represented in England. Under your rights as a citizen of smashing Britain you were supposed to be represented, but fantan and the King did not care that they were implementing laws that would go against the royal charters and the radical rights of their citizens in the Colonies.Another way Great Britain undermined its blood with the Colonies was through the implementation of the Coercive Acts, otherwise known as the Intolerable Acts. All of the Acts mentioned above worked to create a lot of tension and strife between the Colonies and Great Britain. To furth er aid in the enigma the people in the Colonies are now fourth or fifth generations, and have never been at once under the Kings rule or they have never visited England. So the Colonists start to tucker angry at this ruler whom they do not know, and start to get frustrated with Great Britains interference in their lives.From this uprising the Colonies start to get make and form various different Militias. The close famous group that impacted the direction of the American Revolution was The Sons of casualness. The Sons of Liberty helped to get the Colonists organized. They staged some(prenominal) events that demonstrated the Colonist anger and frustration toward Great Britain and the laws that Great Britain imposed on the Colonies. The Sons of Liberty were not a passive easy going group their demonstrations were very extreme, but they were effective in the repealing the Stamp Act and organizing the Colonists against the tyranny of British rule.One such way the Sons of Liberty incited the masses to unite was when one of their found members, Samuel Adams coined the term the capital of Massachusetts Massacre after the fight in Boston broke out between eight British army officials and the towns people. The Colonists are beginning to become more unified. The Colonist formed the First Continental Congress in result to the Coercive Acts. Where they implemented a hit boycott of all British goods, declaration of rights to Parliament, and gave Great Britain a time limit of six months to respond.During the wait time the Continental Congress advised its delegates to go inhabitation and start drilling their men to get them ready if they were needed. The Sons of Liberty were also instrumental in the Boston afternoon tea Party, which was in response to Tea Acts. All of this helped to fan the roaring fire of the spirit of the American Revolution. Finally the last incident that really showed the British how organized and how serious the Colonies were was when Thoma s fume set down in Boston harbor with cd British sol throttlers.He was going to lead his troops to Concord to become Samuel Adams or John Hancock, and locate a supply house to take away the Colonists weapons. They made it to Lexington were the British encountered a group of armed Colonists. Gage commanded that they lay down their weapons, but someone, we dont who, open fire their gun. That shot is called the Shot that was heard virtually the world. Gage went on to Concord, but was unable to locate anything exclude a bucket of bullets and a drum of flour. On his way back to his ship Minute custody were stick on along the trail, and the Minute hands ended up taking out over fractional of Gages men.The Colonists were organized, educated, and willing to die for their rights. The British kept on pushing the envelope to decide what the Colonists would take, and eventually they pushed too hard and the Colonists reacted. There are many events leading to the American Revolution, but the one thing that they all have in common is the right to Liberty and Freedom. The Colonies stood up to Great Britain, and they were sure-fire in the American Revolution. 1 .Bruce and William Catton, The open and Magnificent Dream, (Garden City, NY Doubleday & Company, Inc, 1978) 72. 2 . Ibid. , 74. 3 . Library of Congress, The American Revolution, posted January 2010 http//www. loc. gov/teachers/classroommaterials/presentationsandactivities/presentations/timeline/amrev/rebelln/. 4 . US plane section of State Office of the Historian, Milestones in American History posted Feb 2011 http//history. state. gov/milestones/1750-1775/FrenchIndianWar. 5 . Bruce and William Catton, The Bold and Magnificent Dream, 261.Events hint Up to the American RevolutionEvents Leading to the American Revolution The American Revolution was a gradual process. It did not happen overnight. We were gradually pushed there by the English. They first gave us the right to govern ourselves, and impl ement our own laws such as the no taxation without representation law in Pennsylvania. Only then to impose trade restrictions like the Navigation Acts, Sugar Act, and the Stamp Act. The British also set limits on where the Colonists could settle as in the Proclamation of 1763, and finally new taxes which there were many that the English imposed.The people in America had left Europe to get away from the monarchs supreme rule and persecution. The monarch granted the settlers with royal charters which allowed them the same rights as they would have in England. Only to have the monarch in the end take away their rights and freedoms as Englishmen, and to abuse the British right to collect taxes with our proper representation. All of this pushed us to make our stand against the tyranny of Great Britain, and to assert our Independence in the American Revolution. Early on in the settlement of the Colonies there was a shift in priorities from finding gold to a society that valued family.Ther efore you have an increase in the population where there is now a need for more schools, churches, and other town infrastructure. With these advances there became a more educated population that helped aid in the advancement and growth of new modern thinkers such as Benjamin Franklin and his contributions to the Colonies during the Age of Enlightenment. Due to the growth in population people began settling further and further west encroaching on French and Indian lands causing friction that would later led to the French and Indian War.A dispute over land in the American Ohio Valley between the Indians, French, Pennsylvanians, and Virginians brought about the French Indian seven year war. The first battle in the Seven Year War happened in May of 1754 where the Mingo Chief led a small group of George Washingtons men to a French encampment where he led them to victory. Washington was weary of retaliation so he had his group erected a makeshift fort called the Fort of Necessity, to whic h he later fled from due to the impending French retaliation.The end of the war was signified by the Proclamation of 1763, which the Colonists ignored because it limited where Colonists could settle. This is one of the ways in which the Colonies and Great Britains relationship begins to deteriorate. During this time period England was involved in wars all over the globe, and because of it had racked up a large debt funding the various wars. They needed money to cover their expenses, so the King started to evaluate the Colonies and recognized that he needed to implement new laws in order to control the trade, and create new revenue.Some of the various ways Parliament and the King of England implemented trade restrictions, and imposed taxation were through the Navigation Acts, Sugar Act, Stamp Act, and Townshend Duties. Each one of these in various ways angered the Colonies because they never had a chance to vote on any of them, due to the fact that they were not represented in Englan d. Under your rights as a citizen of Great Britain you were supposed to be represented, but Parliament and the King did not care that they were implementing laws that would go against the royal charters and the basic rights of their citizens in the Colonies.Another way Great Britain undermined its relationship with the Colonies was through the implementation of the Coercive Acts, otherwise known as the Intolerable Acts. All of the Acts mentioned above worked to create a lot of tension and strife between the Colonies and Great Britain. To further aid in the problem the people in the Colonies are now fourth or fifth generations, and have never been directly under the Kings rule or they have never visited England. So the Colonists start to get angry at this ruler whom they do not know, and start to get frustrated with Great Britains interference in their lives.From this uprising the Colonies start to get organized and form various different Militias. The most famous group that impacted the direction of the American Revolution was The Sons of Liberty. The Sons of Liberty helped to get the Colonists organized. They staged several events that demonstrated the Colonist anger and frustration toward Great Britain and the laws that Great Britain imposed on the Colonies. The Sons of Liberty were not a passive easy going group their demonstrations were very extreme, but they were effective in the repealing the Stamp Act and organizing the Colonists against the tyranny of British rule.One such way the Sons of Liberty incited the masses to unite was when one of their founding members, Samuel Adams coined the term the Boston Massacre after the fight in Boston broke out between eight British army officials and the towns people. The Colonists are beginning to become more unified. The Colonist formed the First Continental Congress in response to the Coercive Acts. Where they implemented a total boycott of all British goods, declaration of rights to Parliament, and gave Great Br itain a time limit of six months to respond.During the waiting time the Continental Congress advised its delegates to go home and start drilling their men to get them ready if they were needed. The Sons of Liberty were also instrumental in the Boston Tea Party, which was in response to Tea Acts. All of this helped to fan the roaring fire of the spirit of the American Revolution. Finally the last incident that really showed the British how organized and how serious the Colonies were was when Thomas Gage landed in Boston harbor with 400 British soldiers.He was going to lead his troops to Concord to capture Samuel Adams or John Hancock, and locate a supply house to take away the Colonists weapons. They made it to Lexington were the British encountered a group of armed Colonists. Gage commanded that they lay down their weapons, but someone, we dont who, fired their gun. That shot is called the Shot that was heard around the world. Gage went on to Concord, but was unable to locate anythi ng except a bucket of bullets and a barrel of flour. On his way back to his ship Minute Men were posted along the trail, and the Minute Men ended up taking out over half of Gages men.The Colonists were organized, educated, and willing to die for their rights. The British kept on pushing the envelope to see what the Colonists would take, and eventually they pushed too hard and the Colonists reacted. There are many events leading to the American Revolution, but the one thing that they all have in common is the right to Liberty and Freedom. The Colonies stood up to Great Britain, and they were successful in the American Revolution. 1 .Bruce and William Catton, The Bold and Magnificent Dream, (Garden City, NY Doubleday & Company, Inc, 1978) 72. 2 . Ibid. , 74. 3 . Library of Congress, The American Revolution, posted January 2010 http//www. loc. gov/teachers/classroommaterials/presentationsandactivities/presentations/timeline/amrev/rebelln/. 4 . US Department of State Office of the Historian, Milestones in American History posted Feb 2011 http//history. state. gov/milestones/1750-1775/FrenchIndianWar. 5 . Bruce and William Catton, The Bold and Magnificent Dream, 261.

How To Find A Job Effectively

Everyday some one(a)ness is looking for a telephone line. Whether that individual is a recent graduate, a soulfulness laid-off from work, or a soul that wants a unalike labor, their diligent reckon turns into a c befully planned search for employment. It is important that a person comes how to search effectively for a job. There are three effective ways to look for a job intake a variety of resources, do a resume, and go on interviews. One way a person can look for a job effectively is to use a variety or resources, such as the newspaper, the Internet, or the local Job-Service Agency.The newspaper can be used to help arrive a job by looking at the job listings in the classified ad sections. The job listings in a newspaper vary depending on what is listed. One can find the classified ads by using the newspaper s index, which is located in the front of the newspaper. A nonher resource that can be used is the Internet. The Internet contains many search engines that can be use d to find a specialized job. One can even apply for jobs over the Internet. A person can also use the local Job-Service Agency to find a job.A Job-Service Agency can help the unemployed person find a job in the area where he or she lives. The Job-Service Agency tries to match ones skills with the jobs that are available. Generally, when a person writes a resume, he or she should avoid using the words I and My be meticulous and be able to keep enshroud of where one submits his or her resume. Since a resume is well-nigh ones work history, the words I and My should not be used. Writing the words I and My for every line is repetitious and clutters the resume with unnecessary words.It is perfectly acceptable to write a resume with incomplete sentences. A person must also be meticulous and look for errors in the resume. A resume should neer be submitted with typos and other blatant mistakes. When a person sends a resume with many mistakes, this implies that one does not pay attention to details or has poor communication skills. In addition, when submitting resumes, it is important to keep track of where they are sent. This is a bang-up idea, so that one does not submit his or her resume more than than once at the same place.Being organized is a crucial step in paternity and submitting resumes. When going on an interview, attire, body language, and manners count. First impressions are very important. Ones overall appearance is the archetypal thing that an interviewer notices. A person should dress neat and in a professional manner. In addition, one should be aware of his or her body language. Being alert and answering questions in a incidentally and polite way is important. The tone of voice, posture, and gesture gives clues about ones manners. A positive attitude along with good manners can aim a lasting impression. Manners count.No one wants to work with psyche who is rude and disrespectful. In summary, if a person uses a variety of resources, do a resum e, and go on interviews this result help one effectively find a job. It is essential that a person know how to effectively find a job, so that one becomes successful in his or her search. When a person does know how to find a job effectively, it will be hard for them to find a job. This will often lead to a person not finding a job at all. Therefore, if one uses these three effective ways to search for a job carefully, he or she will have no problem finding a job.

Argo and Casablanca – Main Characters Comparison

Both Tony and Rick atomic number 18 faced with a dilemma end-to-end Argo and Casablanca, singly. They catch themselves getting to a greater extent and more involved with the escape plan, and then their e exerciseal connection leads to self little actions. Both Argo and Casablanca have a perspective that underscores these characters transitions. On the first photo Mendez, have a heated up up conversation with his foreman on the phone, trance on the different movie, Blaine points a gun at an official.Up to this part, the characters were very cold, and professional, however, after it they become attached to the people that atomic number 18 being saved. On one side, the scene selected in Argo focuses on camera proximity and figurehead, decor and framing. On the some other side, the scene selected in Casablanca focuses on salutarytrack, camera movement and positioning, and on and off screen plaza. The camera proximity and camera movement in Argo, emphasizes the characters reactions, by always showing the character with the strongest reaction.It is evident that the camera zooms in Tony as soon as he is alone in the room, and is kept that close to him until the end his supervisor that has one close-up shot, turn the camera spins around him, it is when he is explaining the clean changes in CIAs operation, and for the rest of the scene, the camera captures Jack ODonnell through medium/close-up shots, finishing with a medium shot of him breaking a cup on his table. The camera is handheld on Mendez shots, creating a more personal, and activated perception of the character, while the zoom elevatedlights his reactions and creates tautness to the scene as whole.The steady shots of Jack are calmer, and more impersonal, making him look more professional, and less emotive. The framing plays an important role on this rate. Both Tony and Jack are placed on the compensate side of the screen at first, with Tony changing sides on the frame only when he state s that he and his boss are responsible for the people they are trying to save. The right side of the screen is reserved for when the characters are more impersonal and professional, while the left side of the screen is used only when Tony explicitly becomes emotionally attached.Decor and illume differentiate the perception of each space used on the scene. In the preindication regain in Iran, the lighting is darker because the scene is slightly underexposed, which helps create a low-key depression, while warm alter dominate the posture. This assists on the creation of a more intimate environment, just same(p) a house should be. On the other side of the world, in CIAs headquarters, ODonnells office receives natural lighting from its window, which illuminates a blue wall as well as a typewriter of the same color, making this space look like a professional location, analogous to a typical workplace.In Casablanca, the camera positioning and movement play an important part too. How ever, the positions and movement are broader, ranging from long shots to close-ups and from static positioning to panning around the location different locomotes are used as well. Long shots in addition to panning introduce the area that go forthing be used throughout the scene, which are the Cafes bar, and its entrance, that is seen from both the inside and outside.Another panning, more noticeable than the others, is the one that shows Renault spying on the other characters from Ricks office the camera pans in a diagonal fashion from the upper right, where the officer is hidden, to the lower left, the spot where the threesome other character are and also the place where the rest of the sequence takes place. Racking focus is used when Major Strassers range opens his offices door the focus quickly changes between the man and his superior. A low angle is used when the official says that Laszlo is under arrest, which aggrandizes the captain.In this scene, mood and tautness is acc omplished mainly by soundtrack and sound effects instead of dialogue, in comparison to Argos selected scene, which does exactly the opposite. At first, when Rick is talking to Ilsa, the song As Time Goes By plays on the background as a motif, creating intimacy between them, and as superior joins them, the song transforms for a brief moment, suddenly disappearing when Renault, in the same shot as aforementioned(prenominal) in the last paragraph, surprises the Resistance hero, thus producing tension.To increase tension even further, a sound effect is used when Rick points his gun at Louis, and his parting is heard off-screen, until the camera tilts towards his face. The soundtrack is back before long, and its affair now is to underscore tension as Renault makes the phone call. In terms of formal elements, Casablancas selected sequence relates more to the rest of the movie than does Argos, because only the editing and mise-en-scene aspects are kept the same through the picture, th e sound and cinematography are an exception to the rule.Casablanca brands its mise-en-scene and cinematography with relatively spacious locations, and the camera helps to manifest it by exploitation wide angled lens on top of long-shots. Lighting is often the standard three-point scheme, and it kept dogged on most(prenominal) reaction shots. Men are always formally dressed, while Ilsa changes between three different outfits and the cinematography is widely characterized by the use of straight-on angles, to maintain neutrality towards characters, with the exception of a a few(prenominal) low shots, which raises some characters power.Long shots are predominant on the beginning of scenes, and medium shots, showing two or more people in a group, soon substitute it close-ups are used mostly for reaction shots. Camera movement includes everything, but handheld and aerial shots. Wide-angle lenses are the favorite in this motion picture. The editing and sounds, follows Hollywoods standa rds, always consist of an establishing shot on the beginning of each new scene, introduced by a dissolve from the previous scenes last shot, and a shot/ change by reversal shot when characters are talking.Usually the rhythm happens on a medium speed. The diegetic sounds prevails, and are easily noticed, they include most of the music heard on Ricks Cafe, background noises and sound effects of all sorts, and dialogues. The jump out of both Argo and Casablanca are almost the same, a narration in addition to various dissolves, introduces rapidly where the films will take place and also a point on history, the only difference is that Casablanca uses a globe, while Argo utilizes the sketches of the fake movie.In Argo, only the editing and mise-en-scene relates to the chosen sequence and the rest of the movie. The main locations are six Los Angeles, the primordial Intelligence Agencys headquarters, the Iranian house, Irans streets, the airport/airplane, and the US embassy on the opening of the movie and each of them has its own rhythm and amounts of tension, with the ones located in United States having the longest takes with less direct tension and the ones in Irans outdoors being the most tense ones and with the shortest takes.The connection between the countries is made with the repetitious use of cross cutting on some sequences. Continuity practically does not exist on the chosen sequence, but does on the rest of the motion picture. Most of the lighting is supposed to be natural. The costumes are typical of each characters home country. The editing strongly relates to Casablanca by using Hollywoods standards, like dissolve between scenes, shot/reverse shot during conversations.Cinematography is very different among scenes, and uses all of the possibilities. The scene selected is the only one with a handheld camera with shots focusing on only one character the other uses for this technique always include groups of people. Aerial shots are also included through out the movie, in pedigree with Casablanca that has none. The camera is always on the eye-level of the shortest character being shown. Close-ups are equally used to show reactions and details, with more camera movement on the last.Sound use is somewhat more complex in Argo, with many off-screen and voice over sounds, like when a conversation is held over the phone or background noises for instance. However, for all the other sections Casablanca and Argo are very similar. Tony and Rick are exclusively professional characters, both of them possess a high social position, and are financially stable, they also enjoy desired political positions among their peers, and neither display signs of emotional attachment to others, until the selected scene on each movie.After it, both characters start to be perceived as warming people, who are still able to be, in their own ways, part of intimate relationships. As the pictures get close-hauled to their ends, Mendez and Blaine are not seen excl usively as professionals anymore, but as more altruistic persons, the CIAs federal agent also boosts his social, and political, position by receiving an award, while the Cafes owner earns respect from the couple and the mishandle official.In the end, it is easily acknowledged that both movies are more similar than different, with a special call for their plot, beginning, teaching of main character, and major formal elements. The differences, if evaluated properly, are almost none, and are all hidden among small details. coincidentally or not, Michael Curtiz has a quote that applies appropriately to both Tony and Rick when they become emotionally attached to the hostages and the couple, respectively the quote is The only things you regret are the things you dont do.

Youth Unemployment and Attitude towards Employment: Comparative Study between Migrants and Non-Migrants

Introduction and Background to the search Area The unify Kingdoms early days unemployment refers to the rate of unemployment among those individuals who are aged between 18 and 25. These figures are often used as part of political discussions to measure the general position of the economy, however it is contended in this investigate paper that in that respect is a lack of understanding in terms of the factors that lead to youth unemployment in the first pop out. By targeting the background reasons, greater improvements can be achieved. The latest statistics or the rate of unemployment among youths in London shows that there are several individuals under 25 years of age who are not employed, which currently stands at 20% (Glaser and Rice, 2008).In this look into paper it is suggested that there are substantial release between migrators and non migrants within an area and that this could in fact offer a strong explanation as to why youth unemployment is so prevalent in modern society. Migration refers to the movement of tribe from one place to another specifically in search of some economic or social benefit. Migrants refer to the stack who move from one place to another in search of better opportunities, while non-migrants are the topical anesthetic people. Politically there gull been several heated debates on the topic of employment among migrant youths and non-migrant youths, which has necessitated this check to establish the attitude of both sets of groups towards employment.For example in Hackney, London, the number of employed migrant youths is superiorer, compared to that of non-migrants. However, the percentage of the migrant youths who are employed is higher than that of non-migrants. This suggests that non-migrants have a higher positive attitude towards employment than non-migrants The high rate of unemployment among boyish people in the country and London, in particular, has forced some media personalities and politicians to term it th e woolly-headed generation (Hackney, 2013)This paper aims to look at the attitude of youths towards employment by comparing the migrants and non-migrants in Hackney, London. It is believed that the attitudes of these young individuals might be the major reason why there are high levels of unemployment among young people in this region and more generally elsewhere.Aims & Objectives of the Research The rate of unemployment among the youth population has been a caper that has raised several debates among politicians and media commentators. However, it has been argued that the attitudes of the youth in Hackney, London, have been the major reason behind the increasing rate. The main objective of this paper is to examine the reasoning or the suggestion that it is the attitudes of these young people towards employment that makes them cast off the opportunities to land some. The research aims to achieve its overall objective by seeking the views of the youths in Hackney, London, towards employment.Purpose of the Research The outcome of the research forget be based on the findings from the info collected through interviews, which go away later be analysed. The outcome leave alone depend on the method of data collection, which will deal interviews conducted with the youth in the area, in order to test the hypothesis. It is anticipated that the results of this memorize will help the residential district in understanding what its young people want, in terms of employment, in order to support them in their growth and locomote development. In addition, the result will likewise offer guidance to employers when allocating the available opportunities to all migrants or non-migrants.Importance of the Research This research is important in the field of both academic studies and loter development, as its results will enable the students, their parents and teachers to understand how best to equip these youngsters by focusing the latters attention on their future e mployment opportunities. It will also help potential employers in selecting the right field people for various positions in their companies or organisations.Research Approach It is suggested that the best method for collecting data in this qualitative study is through the use of interviews. The aim of the interview will be to have the respondents reflect on their feelings towards employment and past experiences, while also attempting to communicate freely with the interviewers in such(prenominal) a manner that both interviewer and interviewee come to a mutual agreement concerning the experiences meanings. The format of the interview could contend informal chats or discussions between the researcher and the respondents regarding their responses (Salter, 2010). If the respondents want to give further information or aggrandise upon eitherthing they have said, the interviewer will then ask additional questions and encourage the respondents to give further information or explanations . The interviewer will have to clarify that it will be an open process and that the interviewee is free to question or ask for more detailed explanations, talk in a manner with which they are comfortable, or regular(a) pause, if they wish to do so. The responses should not be evaluated as being right or wrong by the researcher. The researcher should make it clear to the respondents that they are free to make any comments or give any information that they wish. The focus of the interview will be on the participants and attempting to ascertain their attitudes, values, opinions, experiences and beliefs.MethodologyThis research will take the form of structured interviews, which will be used as the method of data collection. The standardised interview or structured interview is typically used in quantitative research. The sample of the study will include 300 migrant youths into the country and 300 non-migrant youths. The migrant and non-migrant youths will be interviewed in order to es tablish their attitudes towards employment, in an attempt to confirm or disapprove the hypothesis that non-migrants have a negative attitude towards employment. The reason for interviewing the two sets of individuals is to find out whether the problem is confined to the migrant youth population, or both migrant and non-migrants. The structured interviews will take the form of questionnaires, which will be presumption to the interviewee by the interviewer who, in this case, is the researcher. The questions that will be used in the study will be lit informed. This means that the results will have been compiled and the questions will have a range of options. The formulation of the questions in the descry will be done by considering the existing literature. In addition, interviews will be used as the survey questions will actually be literature informed. The reliability and validity of the research will be measured by using the semi-structured interviews. Another significance or impor tance of the use of interviews is that they should help in obtaining additional information that may have been ignored by the current literature review.Ethical ConsiderationsThe gumshoe and confidentiality of the respondents will be the major priority of this research. This will be undertaken by considering the benefit/analysis ration, and also through the use of information that is available to conduct the assessment and supervision of the study as it continues. The participants will be handled with the utmost care and they will be assured of the highest levels of confidentiality. Before any participant is affect in the research, their formal consent will be sought, in writing. The researchers will need to take care not to divulge any sensitive information that might have been provided by the respondents for their own safety. If there are any unpredicted findings in the study, as it progresses, the participants will be informed accordingly. The participants will be reassured that , in giving information, they will not be obliged to reveal any information which they chose not to do so.Suggested Existing Literature Several existing texts will be used as part of a detailed literature review to gain a background understanding of the issues cladding the region and the general trends associated with unemployment. The following indicative initial bibliography is suggested as a starting point for the research project.Blaikie, N. (2003). Analyzing quantitative data From description to explanation. London Sage.Ford, M R 2009, The Lights in the Tunnel Automation, Accelerating Technology and the thriftiness of the Future, Acculant Publishing.Glaser, D, and Rice, K 2008, Crime, Age and Employment. American Sociological Review 24, no. 5 679686.Greenberg, DF 2009, The Dynamics of Oscillatory penalization Processes. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 68, no. 4 643651.Hackney 2013 Hackney Facts and Figures Leaflet Available at http//www.hackney.gov.uk/Assets/Documents /facts-and-figures.pdfHochstetler, A, and Shover, N 2010, Street Crime, Labor Surplus, and Criminal Punishment, 19801990. Social Problems 44, no. 3 358367.International Labour Office. 2009, Bibliography of unemployment application the period 1920-1929, Geneve.Isabel, T 2008, Bibliography of Unemployment and the Unemployed, Burt Franklin Publisher.Moss, P, and Tilly, C 2009, Hiring in Urban Labor Markets Shifting Labor Demands, Persistent racial Differences. New York Plenum.Rifkin, Jeremy 2008, The End of Work The Decline of the Global Labor Force and the Dawn of the Post-Market Era, New York TarcherG.P. Putnams Sons.Rusche, G, and Kirchheimer, O 2007, Punishment and Social Structure. New York Columbia University Press. Reprint, New York Russell and Russell.Salter, H. 2010. Interview secrets. London Collins.